Rabu, 07 Desember 2011

SOAL KELISTRIKAN DASAR

1. Apa yang dimaksud electron bebas?
Elektron bebas yaitu electron yang orbitnya paling jauh dari inti, memiliki daya tarik menarik yang lemah terhadap inti. Elektron-elektron ini bila terkena gaya dari luar, misalnya panas, gesekan atau reaksi kimia akan cenderung lepas dari ikatannya dan pindah ke atom lain.

2. Jelaskan bagaimana mengukur tegangan listrik lengkap dengan nama alat ukurnya?,
apa satuan ukurannya ?,
apa yang dimaksud dengan 1 volt?
Jawab :Mengukur tegangan dengan merangkai secara parallel, alat ukur dengan Volt meter, satuan volt, pengertian 1 Volt adalah tegangan listrik yang mampu mengalirkan arus listrik 1 A pada konduktor dengan hambatan 1 ohm.

3. Muatan listrik sebesar 600 Coulomb mengakibatkan arus mengalir di dalam penghantar sebesar 3 Ampere. Berapa lama muatan itu mengalir ?
Diketahui : Q = 600 Coulomb
I = 3 Ampere
Ditanyakan : t = ?
Q 600 C
Jawab : t = ——— = ———— = 200 sekon = 200 dt
I 3 A
Jadi lama muatan itu mengalir = 200 sekon = 200 detik

4. Tentukan besar tahanan total (Rt), tegangan pada R1, R2 dan R3 dan besar arus pada R1, R2 dan R3 pada rangkaian di bawah ini bila diketahui R1= 4 , R2=30  dan R3= 60 








Jawab :
Mencari tahanan total (Rt) ditentukan dahulu besar tahanan pengganti (Rp) untuk R2 dan R3.
Rp = ( R2 x R3) : (R2 +R3) = (30 x 60) : (30 + 60) = 20
Rt = R1 + Rp = 4 + 20 = 24 
Mencari V1 dengan rumus:
V1 = R1 / Rt x V = 4 / 24 x 12 = 2 V
Karena R2 dan R3 paralel maka
V2 = V3 = Rp/ Rt x V = 20 / 12 x 12 = 10 V
Besar arus pada R1 = arus total
I = V/ Rt = 12/ 24 = 0,5 A
Besar arus pada R2 adalah
I2 = V2 / R2 = 10/ 30 = 0,333 A
Besar arus pada R3 adalah
I3 = V3/ R3 = 10/ 60 = 0,167 A

5. Warna pada resistor Coklat – Merah – Jingga – Non. Tentukan :
a. Nilai resistor ( NR ) = ?
b. Nilai Toleransi ( Tol ) = ?
Penyelesaian :
Coklat = 1
Merah = 2
3
Jingga = 10 = 1.000
a. NR = 12 x 1.000 ohm = 12.000 ohm
20
Non = Tak berwarna = 20 % = ——–
20 100
b. Tol = ——– x 12.000 ohm = 2.400 ohm
100

6. Sebuah lampu dipasang pada tegangan 120 Volt, dan hambatannya 400 ohm. Tentukan berapa besar arus listrik yang mengalir pada lampu tersebut ?
Penyelesaian :
Diketahui : V = 120 Volt
R = 400 ohm

Ditanyakan : I = ?

Jawab : V 120 volt 3 Volt
I = ——— = ————– = ————
R 400 ohm 10 ohm

= 0,3 Ampere

7. Antara titik-titik a dan b pada suatu rangkian terdapat resistor/hambatan listrik 2 ohm. Arus yang mengalir dari a ke b adalah 2 Ampere. Jika, potensial di titik a = 5 Volt. Berapakah potensial di titik b ?
Penyelesaian :
Diketahui : R = 2 Ohm R = 2 ohm
Va = 5 Volt a b
I = 2 Ampere
Ditanyakan : Vb = ?
I 5 V
Jawab :
Va - Vb = I x R
5 V - Vb = 2 x 2
Vb = 5 V - 4 V
Vb = 1 volt

Jadi, potensial di titik b adalah = 1 Volt = 1 V

8. Sebutkan fungsi dari komponen sistem pengapian berikut:
a. Baterai
b. Coil
c. Distributor
d. Busi
e. Kondensor
Fungsi komponen pengapian:
1. Baterai menyediakan arus listrik tegangan rendah untuk ignition coil
2. Ignition Coil menaikan tegangan yang di teria dari baterai menjadi tegangan tinggi yang diperlukan untuk pengapian
3. Distributor membagikan (mendistribusikan) arus tegangan tinggi yang dihasilkan (dibangkitkan) oleh kumparan sekunder pada ignation coil ke busi pada tiap-tiap selinder sesuai dengan urutan pangapian
4. Busi mengeluarkan arus listrik tegangan tinggi menjadi loncatan bunga api melalui elektroda
5. Fungsi kondensor adalah mencegah percikan bunga api pada kontak poin pada saat kontak poin tersebut mulai membuka, dengan cara menyerap arus induksi dini dari kumparan primer coil

9. Jelaskan kerugian yang diakibatkan jika sudut dwell terlalu besar?
Akibat Sudut dwell yang terlalu besar adalah:
Kontak poin menutup lebih cepat dan dapat mempengaruhi kerja coil pengapian. Yang menyebabkan pembakaran yang tidak sempurna dan kontak poin terbakar karena percikan yang berlebihan.

10. Perbedaan Busi panas dengan busi dingin adalah:
- Busi panas adalah busi yang mempunyai ujung isolator yang panjang dan permukaan singgung dengan api yang luas sehingga jalur perambatan panas sangat lambat sehingga meradiasikan panas yang lebih sedikit ke kepala selinder.
- Busi dingin busi yang mempunyai ujung insulator yang lebih pendek sehingga permukaan persinggungan dengan api lebih kecil dan jalur radiasi panasnya pendek, maka perambatan panas sangat baik dan temperatur elektroda tengah tidak akan naik terlalu tinggi.

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